Variant of Wilburn, from Old English 'wil' (wild/desired) and 'burna' (stream).
Wilburne is a variant of Wilburn, from Old English elements often read as wild or desired and stream. That gives the name a natural, place-linked quality, with water imagery built into its structure.
Like many old English names, it feels like it could have begun as a description of landscape before becoming a family name and then a given name. The name has an antique sturdiness, but the stream association softens it. Wilburne sounds rural, grounded, and quietly poetic, with a hint of weathered charm.
The spelling adds a slightly older or more individualized feel without changing the essential character. It is uncommon, but it fits the long tradition of English names that draw strength from land and water.